Labarin zubar da shara

Wurin zubar da shara (wanda kuma aka sani da wurin zubar da shara, mai zubar da shara, dattin datti da sauransu) wata na'ura ce, galibi ana amfani da ita ta hanyar lantarki, ana shigar da ita a karkashin tankin dafa abinci tsakanin magudanar ruwa da tarko.Rukunin da ake zubarwa yana yanke sharar abinci zuwa guntu ƙanƙanta—gaba ɗaya ƙasa da mm 2 (0.079 in) a diamita — don wucewa ta hanyar famfo.

Tarihi

John W. Hammes wani masanin gine-gine da ke aiki a Racine, Wisconsin ne ya ƙirƙira rukunin zubar da shara a cikin 1927.Ya nemi takardar haƙƙin mallaka a shekarar 1933 wanda aka ba shi a 1935. ya kafa kamfaninsa ya sa na'urar sa a kasuwa a 1940.An samu sabani game da da'awar Hammes, kamar yadda General Electric ya gabatar da sashin zubar da shara a cikin 1935, wanda aka sani da zubar.
A cikin birane da yawa a Amurka a cikin 1930s da 1940s, tsarin najasa na birni yana da ƙa'idodin hana sanya sharar abinci (datti) a cikin tsarin.John ya yi ƙoƙari sosai, kuma ya yi nasara sosai wajen shawo kan yankuna da yawa don soke waɗannan haramcin.

Yawancin yankuna a Amurka sun hana amfani da masu zubar da kaya.Shekaru da yawa, masu zubar da shara sun kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin birnin New York saboda barazanar da aka yi na lalata tsarin magudanar ruwa na birnin.Bayan binciken watanni 21 tare da Sashen Kare Muhalli na NYC, an soke haramcin a cikin 1997 ta dokar gida 1997/071, wacce aka gyara sashe 24-518.1, NYC Administrative Code.

A shekara ta 2008, birnin Raleigh da ke Arewacin Carolina ya yi ƙoƙarin hana maye gurbin da shigar da masu zubar da shara, wanda kuma ya zarce garuruwan da ke kusa da wajen da ke raba najasa a cikin birnin, amma ya soke dokar bayan wata ɗaya.

Tallafi A Amurka

A cikin Amurka, wasu kashi 50% na gidajen suna da rukunin sharar gida kamar na 2009, idan aka kwatanta da 6% kawai a Burtaniya da 3% a Kanada.

A kasar Sweden, wasu gundumomi suna ba da kwarin gwiwar sanya na'urorin zubar da ruwa domin a kara samar da iskar gas.Wasu kananan hukumomi a Biritaniya sun ba da tallafin sayan wuraren zubar da shara domin rage yawan sharar da ke zuwa wurin zubar da shara.

Dalilin dalili

Gurbin abinci ya kai kashi 10% zuwa 20% na sharar gida, kuma matsala ce da ke tattare da sharar gida, da haifar da matsalar kiwon lafiyar jama'a, tsaftar muhalli da kuma matsalolin muhalli a kowane mataki, farawa da ajiyar cikin gida sannan kuma a tara manyan motoci.Konewa a cikin wuraren da ake amfani da su don samar da makamashi, yawan ruwa da ke cikin tarkacen abinci yana nufin cewa dumama su da konewa suna cin makamashi fiye da yadda ake samarwa;da aka binne a wuraren da ake zubar da shara, tarkacen abinci yakan rube ya kuma haifar da iskar methane, iskar gas mai zafi da ke taimakawa wajen sauyin yanayi.

Jigon da ke bayan yin amfani da na'urar da ta dace shine a ɗauki tarkacen abinci yadda ya kamata a matsayin ruwa (matsakaicin kashi 70% na ruwa, kamar sharar ɗan adam), da kuma amfani da ababen more rayuwa da ake da su (magudanan ruwa na ƙarƙashin ƙasa da masana'antar sarrafa ruwan sha) don sarrafa shi.Tsire-tsire na zamani suna da tasiri wajen sarrafa daskararrun kwayoyin halitta zuwa samfuran taki (wanda aka sani da biosolids), tare da ci-gaba na ci gaba kuma suna ɗaukar methane don samar da makamashi.